Reading notes

• The Aeneid §1.39 Pallas

  Goddess of crafts and wisdom, hailed as inventor of the olive; identified with Greek Athena.

• The Aeneid §2.15 Pallas

  Minerva (Pallas, Tritonia), virgin goddess of war and craft; her stolen Palladium had guarded Troy, and the horse is built by her craft.

• The Aeneid §3.531 Minerva

  Pallas Minerva, 'arms-clashing'; her temple on the height is the first Italian landfall.

• The Aeneid §6.840 Minerva

  Goddess whose temple the Greeks profaned at Troy; the wrong is avenged on their descendants.

• The Aeneid §8.409 Minerva

  Minerva, goddess of crafts; 'slender Minerva' is the spinning-work of the poor housewife (metonymy).

• The Aeneid §11.259 star of Minerva

  Minerva, whose wrath (the storm at sea after Troy) is the 'grim star of Minerva.'

• The Georgics §1.18 Minerva

  Goddess of crafts, hailed as the inventor of the olive.