Reading notes

• The Aeneid §1.68 household gods

  The Roman household gods of the storeroom and hearth; their threat of ruin drives men to war and exile.

• The Aeneid §2.293 household gods

  The Penates, guardian deities of the Trojan household, which Hector and Anchises bid Aeneas carry to a new home.

• The Aeneid §3.12 Penates

  The Trojan household gods carried by Aeneas from the flames to a new home.

• The Aeneid §4.21 household gods

  The Penates, guardian gods of Dido's house, spattered when her brother slew Sychaeus.

• The Aeneid §8.11 Penates

  The Penates, household and state gods of Troy carried by Aeneas to Italy.

• The Aeneid §9.258 Penates

  The household and state gods of Troy, sworn by Ascanius.